The Non Cooperation movement was organized by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920–22, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. It was one of Gandhi’s first organized acts of large-scale civil disobedience (satyagraha). The movement arose from the widespread outcry in India over the massacre at Amritsar in April 1919 known as Jallianwala Bagh massacre(hatyakand), when the British-led troops killed several hundred Indians. That anger was later compounded by the injustice done by the British troops and at the government’s alleged failure to take adequate action against those who were responsible for the incident, notably Gen. Reginald Edward Harry Dyer, who had commanded the troops involved in the massacre. Gandhi's planning of the non-cooperation movement in Chauri Chaura included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained the British government and also economy in India”, including British industries and educational institutions. Through non-violent means, or Ahinsa, protesters would refuse to buy British goods and adopt the use of local handicrafts, and protest around liquor shops. During the protest in Chauri Chaura the mob outside the police station was being fired upon by the police killing 3 people and in retaliation, the police station set on fire resulting in killing 23 policemen. Mahatma Gandhi, who was against violence after this, was shocked and withdrew his year-old ASAHAYOGA ANDOLAN (Non-Co-operation movement).
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